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Newsweek Poll conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates. April 8-9, 2004. N=1,005 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3.

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"Do you think the U.S. military action against Iraq has done more to INCREASE the risk or DECREASE the risk that large numbers of Americans will be killed or injured in a future terrorist attack -- or that it hasn't made much difference either way?" Wording in 2003: "In the long run, do you think the U.S. military action against Iraq will do more to increase the risk or decrease the risk that large numbers of Americans will be killed or injured in a future terrorist attack -- or that it won't make much difference either way?"

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9/25-26/03

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"Would you support increasing the number of U.S. military personnel in Iraq, if necessary, in response to the recent attacks on coalition forces by Iraqi militants?"

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"Do you think the United States should or should NOT extend the June 30th deadline for turning over power in Iraq to an interim Iraqi government?"

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"How concerned are you that Iraq will become another Vietnam in which the U.S. does not accomplish its goals despite many years of military involvement? Are you very concerned, somewhat concerned, not too concerned, or not at all concerned about Iraq becoming another Vietnam?"

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Time/CNN Poll conducted by Harris Interactive. May 12-13, 2004. N=1,001 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3.1.

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"Do you approve or disapprove of the way George W. Bush is handling the situation with Iraq?"

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"Do you think the war with Iraq has made the U.S. safer or less safe from terrorism?"

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"Based on what you have heard or read, do you think the Bush Administration does or does not have a clear and well thought out plan to deal with the situation in Iraq?"

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"As you may know, the Bush Administration has said it will turn over power in Iraq on June 30th to a civilian government led by Iraqis. Do you think the U.S. should do that, or should the U.S. keep power in Iraq beyond June 30th?"

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"Do you think George W. Bush is telling the truth or not telling the truth when he says that he believed before the war with Iraq began that Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction?"

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"Do you think overthrowing Saddam Hussein was justification enough for the Iraq war, or don't you believe that?"

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"The U.S. currently has about 135,000 troops in Iraq. When it comes to the number of U.S. troops in Iraq, which of the following do you think the U.S. should do? Increase the number of U.S. troops to Iraq. Keep the current number of troops. Reduce the number of troops. Remove all U.S. troops from Iraq."

CBS News Poll. March 30-April 1, 2004. N=1,024 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3 (total sample).

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"As a result of the U.S. military action against Iraq, do you think the threat of terrorism against the United States has increased, decreased, or stayed about the same?"

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"How long do you think the United States troops will have to remain in Iraq: for less than a year, one to two years, two to five years, or will U.S. troops have to stay in Iraq for longer than five years?"

Newsweek Poll conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates. March 25-26, 2004. Nationwide.

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"Please tell me if each of the following makes you more likely or less likely to vote to reelect George W. Bush this year, or if it won't have much effect on your vote. What about [see below]? Does this make you more likely or less likely to vote to reelect Bush, or will it not have much effect on your vote?" N=815 registered voters, MoE ± 4

"The Bush Administration's Iraq policy and decision to go to war last spring"

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"The way George W. Bush and his Administration have handled the situation in postwar Iraq"

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"The capture of Saddam Hussein"

Program on International Policy Attitudes/Knowledge Networks Poll. March 16-22, 2004. N=approx. 800 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3.5. This survey was fielded by Knowledge Networks using its nationwide research panel. Knowledge Networks employs a random-digit-dial telephone methodology to develop a representative sample of households for participation in its panel. Participants receive free hardware and free Internet access. Surveys are administered via interactive TV devices.

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"Do you think the U.S. made the right decision or the wrong decision in going to war against Iraq?"

Newsweek Poll conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates. March 18-19, 2004. N=1,006 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3.

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"Do you think the amount of money the United States is spending for operations in postwar Iraq is too high, too low, or about right?"

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"As far as the number of U.S. military personnel now in Iraq, do you think the United States should send more troops to Iraq, keep the same amount of troops, or reduce their number and begin bringing troops home?"

University of Pennsylvania National Annenberg Election Survey. March 1-15, 2004. N=2,575 adults nationwide. MoE ± 2 (total sample). Interviewing conducted by Schulman, Ronca, Bucuvalas, Inc.

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"Should the federal government spend more money, the same as now, less, or no money at all on rebuilding Iraq?"

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NBC News/Wall Street Journal Poll conducted by the polling organizations of Peter Hart (D) and Robert Teeter (R). March 6-8, 2004. N=1,018 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3.1 (total sample).

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"Generally speaking, would you say the war in Iraq has gone better than you expected, worse than you expected, or about what you expected?"

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"Do you think that Iraq did or did not have weapons of mass destruction before the war began last March?"
Wording prior to 3/04: "Do you think that Iraq did or did not have weapons of mass destruction before the war in March?"

CNN/USA Today/Gallup Poll. March 5-7, 2004. N=1,005 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3.

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"Just your best guess, which do you think is more likely to happen in Iraq when the U.S. troops leave there: the situation in Iraq will turn into chaos and civil war, or the Iraqi people will be able to establish a stable government?" Options rotated

Pew Research Center for the People & the Press survey conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates. Feb. 11-16, 2004. N=715 adults nationwide. MoE ± 4.

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"Do you think the war with Iraq has or has not contributed to the long-term security of the United States?"

CBS News Poll. Feb. 12-15, 2004. N=1,221 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3 (total sample).

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"Based on what you've heard or read, do you think U.S. intelligence agencies such as the CIA did an excellent job, good job, fair job, or poor job assessing the threat of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq before the war?"

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"Based on what you've heard or read, how do you think the Bush Administration handled the intelligence they received about weapons of mass destruction in Iraq? Do you think they probably interpreted the intelligence accurately, or did they probably exaggerate the intelligence to build support for the war against Iraq?"

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ABC News/Washington Post Poll. Feb. 10-11, 2004. N=1,003 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3. Fieldwork by TNS Intersearch.

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"Regardless of whether or not it exaggerated the evidence, do you think the Bush Administration honestly believed that Iraq has weapons of mass destruction, or not?"

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"Which of these do you think is a more important issue: The accuracy of the intelligence about Iraq that the Administration received from the CIA and other sources, or the way the Administration used that intelligence?"

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"Do you think Iraq did have weapons of mass destruction that have not been found, or do you think Iraq did not have any weapons of mass destruction?"

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"Which of these do you think is more important right now: to have a commission look into the accuracy and use of pre-war intelligence about Iraq, with a report BEFORE the November election, OR, to have a commission take a wider look at the accuracy of U.S. intelligence overall, with a report AFTER the November election?" Options rotated

Time/CNN Poll conducted by Harris Interactive. Feb. 5-6, 2004. N=1,000 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3.1 (total sample).

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"Do you think the war with Iraq will have been worth it if weapons of mass destruction are never found, or don't you think it will have been worth it?"

CNN/USA Today/Gallup Poll. Jan. 29-Feb. 1, 2004. N=1,001 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3.

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"Which comes closer to your view about the U.S. war with Iraq? It is justified even if no weapons of mass destruction are found in Iraq. It is justified only if weapons of mass destruction are found. OR, It is not justified even if weapons of mass destruction are found in Iraq." Options rotated

Newsweek Poll conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates. Jan. 29-30, 2004. N=1,259 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3.

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"Do you think Iraq actually had banned chemical or biological weapons right before the Iraq War started in March, or not?"

Newsweek Poll conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates. Jan. 8-9, 2004. N=1,001 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3.

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"Please tell me if each of the following makes you more likely or less likely to vote to reelect George W. Bush next year, or if it won't have much effect on your vote. What about the amount of money the United States is spending to rebuild postwar Iraq? Does this make you more likely or less likely to vote to reelect Bush, or will it not have much effect on your vote?" N=842 registered voters, MoE ± 4

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"Do you think the Bush Administration has a well-thought-out plan to establish security and a stable government in postwar Iraq, or not?"

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"In general, do you think Americans are safer and more secure now that Saddam Hussein has been captured?"

CNN/USA Today/Gallup Poll. Jan. 2-5, 2004. N=1,029 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3.

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"Which comes closest to your view about what the U.S. should now do about the number of U.S. troops in Iraq? The U.S. should send more troops to Iraq. The U.S. should keep the number of troops as it is now. The U.S. should withdraw some troops from Iraq. OR, The U.S. should withdraw all of its troops from Iraq." Options rotated

CBS News Poll. Dec. 21-22, 2003. N=799 adults nationwide. MoE ± 4 (total sample).

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"As a result of the capture of Saddam Hussein, do you think the threat of terrorism against the United States will increase, decrease, or stay about the same?"

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"Should Saddam Hussein be tried by a U.S. military court, tried by an Iraqi court, or tried by an international court?"

Newsweek Poll conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates. Dec. 18-19, 2003. N=1,010 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3 (total sample).

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"How well do you think U.S. efforts to establish security and rebuild Iraq have gone since major combat ended on May 1st . . . ?"

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"Do you think George W. Bush has explained clearly his plans for bringing the situation in Iraq to a successful conclusion, or do you think he has not explained his plans clearly enough?" Form 2 (N=438, MoE ± 5)

CNN/USA Today/Gallup Poll. Dec. 14, 2003. N=664 adults nationwide. MoE ± 4.

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"Do you think the capture of Saddam Hussein means the U.S. can bring its troops home from Iraq earlier than it had planned, or not?"

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"Thinking about the attacks on U.S. troops currently stationed in Iraq, do you think the capture of Saddam Hussein will put an end to U.S. combat deaths in Iraq, result in a major drop in the number of U.S. combat deaths in Iraq, result in a minor drop in the number of U.S. combat deaths in Iraq, or will not change the number of U.S. combat deaths in Iraq at all?" Options rotated

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"If Saddam Hussein is put on trial, do you believe it should be a trial conducted in an Iraqi court using Iraqi judges, in an international court, applying international laws and legal standards, or in a U.S. military court, sometimes called a military tribunal?" Options rotated

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"If Saddam Hussein is tried and found guilty, which of these penalties do you think Saddam Hussein should be given: the death penalty, life in prison with no chance of parole, or a lesser sentence than life imprisonment?" Options rotated

ABC News/Washington Post Poll. Dec. 14, 2003. N=506 adults nationwide. MoE ± 4.5. Fieldwork by TNS Intersearch.

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"Do you think Saddam's capture means the big challenges facing the United States in Iraq are over, or do you think there are big challenges to the United States in Iraq still ahead?"

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"How much do you think Saddam's capture will do to [see below]? Do you think it will help a great deal, somewhat, not much or hardly at all?"

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"Restore peace and stability to Iraq"

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"Contribute to long-term peace and stability in the Mideast"

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"Contribute to the long-term security of the United States"

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"End attacks on U.S. and coalition military forces in Iraq"

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"Do you think the United States should withdraw its military forces from Iraq now that Saddam has been captured, or do you think the United States should keep its military forces in Iraq until a stable government is in place there?" Options rotated

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"Some people say Saddam should be put on trial by an Iraqi tribunal, to show that Iraq now follows the rule of law and can confront its past. Others say Saddam should be put on trial by an international tribunal set up by the United Nations, to ensure his trial is fair and impartial. What do you think? Should Saddam be put on trial by an Iraqi tribunal, or by a United Nations tribunal?" Options rotated

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"Which punishment would you prefer for Saddam if he is convicted of war crimes: the death penalty, or life in prison with no chance of parole?" Options rotated

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"Would you say the war in Iraq is going better than you expected for the United States, worse than you expected, or about the way you expected it to?"

FOX News/Opinion Dynamics Poll. Dec. 3-4, 2003. N=900 registered voters nationwide. MoE ± 3.

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"Do you approve or disapprove of President Bush's surprise Thanksgiving Day trip to visit the troops in Baghdad?"

12/03

Program on International Policy Attitudes/Knowledge Networks Poll. Nov. 21-30, 2003. N=712 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3.7. This survey was fielded by Knowledge Networks using its nationwide research panel. Knowledge Networks employs a random-digit-dial telephone methodology to develop a representative sample of households for participation in its panel. Participants receive free hardware and free Internet access. Surveys are administered via interactive TV devices.

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"How do you think the process of rebuilding Iraq is going . . . ?"

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"Do you think the process of creating an Iraqi government is going too slowly, too fast, about right?"

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"Do you think the process of developing an Iraqi police force and army to take over the job of maintaining security in Iraq is going too slowly, too fast or about right?"

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"Please tell me if you agree or disagree with the following statement: The U.S. has the right and even the responsibility to overthrow dictatorships and help their people build a democracy."

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"Is it your impression that the U.S. has or has not found clear evidence in Iraq that Saddam Hussein was working closely with the al Qaeda terrorist organization?"

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"Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? At some point the U.S. will need to let the Iraqi people decide who should lead their government, even if they elect a leader who is unfriendly to the U.S."

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"Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? At some point the U.S. will need to let the Iraqi people decide who should lead their government, even if they elect an Islamic religious leader who wants to institute Islamic law."

Time/CNN Poll conducted by Harris Interactive. Nov. 18-19, 2003. N=1,507 adults nationwide. MoE ± 2.5.

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"When it comes to the number of U.S. troops in Iraq, which of the following do you think the U.S. should do: increase the number of U.S. troops in Iraq, keep the current number of troops, reduce the number of troops, or remove all U.S. troops from Iraq?"

The Los Angeles Times Poll. Nov. 15-18, 2003. N=1,345 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3 (total sample).

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"Generally speaking, do you trust President Bush and his advisors to make the right decisions about Iraq, or not?"

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"Generally speaking, do you think the outcome of the war in Iraq has been worth the cost in U.S. military lives, or not?"

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"Generally speaking, do you think the outcome of the war in Iraq has been worth the financial cost to the U.S., or not?"

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"Do you think the U.S. is winning the war in Iraq, or do you think the anti-U.S. insurgents in Iraq are winning the war, or is neither side winning the war in Iraq?"

CNN/USA Today/Gallup Poll. Nov. 14-16, 2003. N=1,004 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3.

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"Do you think the U.S. actions in Iraq will encourage political and economic reform in other countries in the Middle East, or not?"

CBS News Poll. Nov. 10-12, 2003. N=1,000 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3.

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"Before the war with Iraq, when talking about what he knew about the existence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, do you think George W. Bush was telling everything he knew, most of what he knew, hiding important elements of what he knew, or mostly lying?" Form D (N=503 adults)

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"Do you think Iraq probably does or probably does not have weapons of mass destruction that the United States has not found yet?"

Program on International Policy Attitudes/Knowledge Networks Poll. Oct. 29-Nov. 10, 2003. N=1,008 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3.2 (total sample).This survey was fielded by Knowledge Networks using its nationwide research panel. Knowledge Networks employs a random-digit-dial telephone methodology to develop a representative sample of households for participation in its panel. Participants receive free hardware and free Internet access. Surveys are administered via interactive TV devices.

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"Since the war with Iraq ended, is it your impression that the U.S. has or has not found Iraqi weapons of mass destruction?"

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"Do you think the Bush Administration, before the war, did or did not portray Iraq as an imminent threat to the U.S.?"

10-11/03

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“Do you think President Bush decided to go to war on the basis of assumptions about Iraq that were [see below]?”

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Correct

Incorrect, but the President believed they were correct

Incorrect, and the President knew they were incorrect

No answer

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"Is it your impression that when the U.S. government presented evidence of Iraq having weapons of mass destruction to justify going to war with Iraq it was presenting evidence it knew was false, stretching the truth but not making false statements, being fully truthful?" 3/4 sample (MoE ± 3.7)

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"Is it your impression that when the U.S. government presented evidence of links between Saddam Hussein's government and al Qaeda to justify going to war with Iraq it was presenting evidence it knew was false, stretching the truth but not making false statements, being fully truthful?" 3/4 sample (MoE ± 3.7)

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"Now that Saddam Hussein's government is toppled, do you think the U.S. does or does not have the responsibility to remain in Iraq as long as necessary until there is a stable government?" 1/2 sample (MoE ± 4.5)

CNN/USA Today/Gallup Poll. Nov. 3-5, 2003. N=1,007 adults nationwide. MoE ± 3.

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"Which comes closest to your view about what the U.S. should now do about the number of U.S. troops in Iraq: the U.S. should send more troops to Iraq, the U.S. should keep the number of troops as it is now, the U.S. should begin to withdraw some troops from Iraq, or the U.S. should withdraw all of its troops from Iraq?" Options rotated